In order to scientifically determine the topographic relief characteristics of meteorological stations, based on the 30 m data of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM), the optimal analysis window of relief degree of land surface (RDLS) model in Sichuan Province was determined by using the mean change point analysis method. On this basis, the relief amplitude characteristics of surface meteorological observation stations in Sichuan Province were analyzed to explore the spatial pattern of the layout of meteorological stations. The results are as follows: (1) The best window for RDLS in Sichuan Province is 39 × 39 rectangular neighborhood pixels, with a corresponding area of about 1.369 km². The established RDLS model is consistent with the trend of mountains and can capture the topographic relief of various scales, which accords with the topographic characteristics of Sichuan Province. (2) The terrain of national stations and regional stations is dominated by platforms, hills, and small undulating mountains. The proportion of national stations with small topographic undulations stations is significantly higher than that of regional stations, indicating that national stations are more representative of the region. (3) Suitable meteorological observation stations in Sichuan Province are mainly distributed the basin, in the north and west regions of the west Sichuan Plateau, as well as the eastern and southern parts of Panxi, accounting for 69.74% of the province’s total area. The analysis window area determined by the mean change point analysis method can take into consideration various geomorphic types, and the extracted RDLS can better reflect the topographic characteristics of meteorological stations, which can provide an important reference for the adaptive layout of meteorological stations and the optimization of station network.

Based on multi-source observation data and data fusion and assimilation technology, National Meteorological Information Center has developed and released real-time analysis products that has passed the industry admittance review. In order to ensure the objectivity and authenticity of the evaluation results of the real-time analysis products, the representativeness of the data source—ground station data participating in the inspection and evaluation of the products was studied. 10 precipitation impact indicators such as longitude and latitude, slope, slope direction and data availability of ground meteorological stations from May to August 2020 were selected. On the basis of indicator screening, the weight of each impact indicator to form a comprehensive impact indicator of each station was determined by using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and grading inspection of the comprehensive impact indicator were conducted. The results show that five of the 10 impact indicators are retained after screening, and their weights from large to small are data availability, equipment stability, slope variability, surface roughness and altitude. The comprehensive impact value of stations in Sichuan Basin is mostly above 0.9, and the stations with low comprehensive impact values are mainly distributed in Ganzi, Aba and Liangshan prefectures of Sichuan Province, which is closely related to the complex terrain and poor representativeness of station in these areas. Through the grading evaluation of the comprehensive impact index, it is reasonable to take the data of stations with the comprehensive impact index value above 0.8 as the "true value" data source for the evaluation of precipitation real-time analysis products.